Juniper Archives - IT Playground Blog

31 Jan

DHCP domain-search on Juniper SRX

In the last few years, the DHCP service in enterprises got more and more integrated into complex management and provisioning systems or became a part of the Active Directory solutions. Routers, switches, wireless controllers or other devices in such networks act as DHCP Proxy instead of DHCP Servers just sending the requests to the central server. But the feature itself is not dead! Sometimes you need to run it locally and not only provide the IP address and default gateway to the client device but also DNS servers information or domain-search parameters. The last feature is an DHCP Option 119 and I put it in “tricky, non-obvious DHCP config”, together with bunch of other DHCP options.

The central point of my home and lab networks is the Juniper SRX220H – it is quite old but the services and its performance fulfills my requirements so far. One of the services it provides is DHCP Server for some of the VLANs. I was not really missing the domain-search feature so far but decided to add it to make my work more convenient. This feature configuration is not straightforward, and there are many misleading guides about setting up this feature on different platforms or operating systems. Let me show you how it works on Juniper.

05 Nov

Ansible can’t read some facts from Juniper devices

It is really amazing how fast Ansible is developed lately. Stable versions are released more often and contain more changes required by IT professionals. Many of them fill the gaps between two worlds – the developers and operations engineers. Unfortunately, some modules are not catching up as fast as they should which causes problems in developing simple tasks. I experienced such when I was working on playbook example required for my latest press articles for ‘IT Professional’ magazine. The default Ansible junos_facts module couldn’t correctly read JunOS version on some devices. Usually on devices running the older firmware release. This can be a real problem if some tasks execution depends on the firmware version on the router or switch.

Besides the official modules and lots of roles available on Ansible Galaxy repository many vendors developed their own modules and let them use for free. In many cases, it should be considered a better, more secure approach as long as the vendor repository is still maintained. In my situation it was the easiest workaround of my problem.

18 Jun

Automated scripts can send commands faster than RP can process

When I was writing one Ansible playbook I faced an interesting situation. We all keep forgetting that automated tasks are executed faster than from CLI. Ane we do not take it into consideration when we write playbooks. Time is only a problem when playbook execution takes to much time.

On Juniper SRX you can enable VPN debugging using the traceoptions feature on IKE and IPSec processes. By default, it stores logs of all configured VPNs on the device in either /var/log/kmd file or one specified in traceoptions configuration. JunOS 11.4R3 brings additional enhancement to limit debugging to single VPN tunnel specified by local and peer IPs. You can turn it on by request security ike debug-enable command. This is very handy because in most cases you want to troubleshoot just the not operational connection.

There is a slight difference between the output of those commands in the log file. If you use the traceoptions you will see pretty much standard Juniper log output

[Mar 25 13:12:12]IPSec SA done callback called for sa-cfg VPN-V201 local:10.0.201.3, remote:10.0.201.4 IKEv1 with status Timed out

If you decide to perform troubleshooting using the second method you will get output like that

[Mar 25 13:20:12][10.0.201.3 <-> 10.0.201.4] IPSec SA done callback called for sa-cfg VPN-V201 local:10.0.201.3, remote:10.0.201.4 IKEv1 with status Timed out

The log now contains both peers IP addresses. It is really handy for my playbook. Because in one of the tasks I need to get specific information from the log output I can easily identify interesting lines using the peer IP addresses.

The Playbook

There are two tasks in my playbook divided by 60 seconds pause. In the first task, I send set of three commands to the router using the juniper_junos_command module here but it works the same in the one available in Ansible. I send three commands to save the time, and also provide the variables as a parameter – I gather them in previous tasks.

    - name: Prepare and start VPN debugging on remote device
      juniper_junos_command:
        commands:
          - "request security ike debug-disable"
          - "clear log VPN"
          - "request security ike debug-enable local {{ sa_tunnel_local_gateway }} remote {{ sa_tunnel_remote_gateway }}"
        format: xml

Then after one minute pause required to generate the logs I run another task where I simply read the log file via CLI command.

- name: Collect VPN logs
  juniper_junos_command:
    commands:
      - "show log VPN"
    format: xml
  register: result_VPN_log_xml

The problem

If you run those commands in this order from CLI you will get logs from troubleshooting the single VPN specified by IP parameters. But if you execute them from Ansible playbook you would not get the peer-specific logs output. It looks like the request command is ignored by the router. If you enable commands logging on the router you will see those from netconf as well. You can also check the debugging status directly from the router CLI. If no peer-specific debugging is running you will get following output

show security ike debug-status
Enabled
flag: all
level: 5

When the debug is running you will get information about its level and the peer’s addresses

show security ike debug-status
Enabled
flag: all
level: 7
Local IP: 10.0.201.3, Remote IP: 10.0.201.4

Because the delivery of command itself was not a problem then one of the workarounds could be a playbook, where I send only one command in each task. This workaround is working but it is not optimal. Remember that connection to the router is opened for each task and closed when the task completes. It takes time and the more command you want to send the longer it takes to finish the playbook.

Don’t send commands to fast

I asked JTAC for help in this case. It happened not to be standard customer problem, it was verified in their lab and at some point, the Engineering team was asked for support. I received the answer I like the best – “it is not a bug, it is a feature”!

Because there is no output when you execute any of the three commands from the first task the Ansible module sends the next command almost without the gap after the previous one. As Junos does not acknowledge that it has finished the first request command, the second comes in and gets ignored as the first one is not finished yet. Remember, you can never issue commands via CLI as fast as you can send them from the script.

I still want to send multiple commands in one task to save time, so here is other way to mittigate the problem

    - name: Prepare and start VPN debugging on remote device
      juniper_junos_command:
        commands:
          - "request security ike debug-disable"
          - "clear log VPN"
          - "show system uptime"
          - "request security ike debug-enable local {{ sa_tunnel_local_gateway }} remote {{ sa_tunnel_remote_gateway }}"
        format: xml

To slow down the task a little I put additional command before the ignored request command. It does not take much time to execute it and it generates the output that I simply ignore.

There is no documentation of how long the gap between commands should be but it would differ depending on platform.

04 May

How to setup VPN between Juniper SRX and AWS Cloud

I’ve said during several conferences where I had a privilege to be a speaker that clouds are one of the futures of computing along with DevOps/SysOps and Machine Learning. But there is no computing if you don’t have the data to compute or you have no way to send it to the cloud in reliable and secure way or you don’t have cloud infrastructure to perform computation. That’s why we need to take a look how to setup VPN between Juniper SRX and AWS Cloud.

I think that hybrid cloud will be the model how many of computer system will work in net few years. Private clouds are not scalable and public clouds cannot address all needs of current systems. So hybrid mode is a solution. But it requires reliable and easy to setup and maintain ways to connect on-premise resourced to public cloud. The technology is here and it’s called VPN.

19 Apr

How to add network device to Microsoft Operations Management Suite using syslog

Microsoft Operations Management Suite is nice, and in some cases free, tool to manage and search through logs. But it’s dedicated to Windows and Linux operating systems by default. In many environments, especially those most secure ones, huge amount of logs are generated by network devices. Firewalls placed on the edge between Internet and DMZ zone quite often are set up to log all denied connections. Those firewalls can produce significant volume of logs that need to be searched and analyzed. Microsoft Operations Management Suite seems to be perfect tool for that but there is no native support of such feature. But we can implement this doing small workaround. Let’s look how to add network device to Microsoft Operations Management Suite using syslog.

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